The Common Book of Baby and Child Care

Dr. Benjamin Spocks revolutionary book about how to raise children was first published on July 14, 1946. The book, The Common Book of Baby and Child Care, completely changed how children were raised in the latter half of the 20th century and  have become one of the best-selling non-fiction books of all time. Dr. Spock Learns About Children Dr. Benjamin Spock (1903-1998) first began learning about children as he grew up, helping take care of his five younger siblings. Spock earned his medical degree at Columbia Universitys College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1924 and focused on pediatrics. However, Spock thought he could help children even more if he understood psychology, so he spent six years studying at the New York Psychoanalytic Institute. Spock spent many years working as a pediatrician but had to give up his private practice in 1944 when he joined the U.S. Naval Reserve. After the war, Spock decided on a teaching career, eventually working for the Mayo Clinic and teaching at such schools as the University of Minnesota, the University of Pittsburgh, and Case Western Reserve. Dr. Spocks Book With the aid of his wife, Jane, Spock spent several years writing his first and most famous book, The Common Book of Baby and Child Care. The fact that Spock wrote in a congenial manner and included humor made his revolutionary changes to childcare easier to accept. Spock advocated that fathers should play an active role in raising their children and that parents will not spoil their baby if they pick him up when he cries. Also revolutionary was that Spock thought that parenting could be enjoyable, that each parent could have a special and loving bond with their children, that some mothers could get the blue feeling (postpartum depression), and that parents should trust their instincts. The first edition of the book, especially the paperback version, was a big seller right from the start. Since that first 25-cent copy in 1946, the book has been repeatedly revised and republished. So far, Dr. Spocks book has been translated into 42 languages and sold more than 50 million copies. Dr. Spock did write several other books, but his The Common Book of Baby and Child Care remains his most popular. Revolutionary What seems ordinary, normal advice now was completely revolutionary at the time. Before Dr. Spocks book, parents were told to keep their babies on a strict schedule, so strict that if a baby was crying before its prescribed feeding time that parents should let the baby continue crying. Parents were not allowed to give in to the childs whims. Parents were also instructed not to coddle, or show too much love, to their babies for that would spoil them and make them weak.  If parents were uncomfortable with the rules, they were told that doctors know best and thus they should follow these instructions anyway. Dr. Spock said just the opposite. He told them that babies dont need such strict schedules, that it is okay to feed babies if they are hungry outside the prescribed eating times, and that parents should  show their babies love. And if anything seemed difficult or uncertain, then parents should follow their instincts. New parents in the post-World War II era readily embraced these changes to parenting and raised the entire baby boom generation with these new tenets. Controversy There are some that blame Dr. Spock for the unruly, anti-government youth of the 1960s, believing that it was Dr. Spocks new, softer approach to parenting that was responsible for that wild generation. Other recommendations in the earlier editions of the book have been debunked, such as putting your babies to sleep on their stomachs. We now know that this causes a greater incidence of SIDS. Anything so revolutionary will have its detractors and anything written seven decades ago will need to be amended, but that does not deflate the importance of Dr. Spocks book. It is not an overstatement to say that Dr. Spocks book completely changed the way parents raised their babies and their children.

Parkinson s Disease Is A Progressive Loss Of Functioning...

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a progressive loss of functioning of the brain that results in stiffness, trembling and loss of fine motor control. This disease mainly affects the neurons in the particular area called the substantia nigra with a total loss of dopamine, the absence of these dopamine-producing cells causes the loss of the brain’s ability to control the body movements progressively (Parkinson’s disease, 2016). Parkinson’s disease is very common, with about 70000 Australians as well as the average age of diagnosis is 65 years, however, upcoming generations can also be diagnosed with Parkinson’s. It is also not easy to analyze Parkinson’s as there is no laboratory test, but a neurologist can make the diagnosis of this disease (What is Parkinson s, 2016). John Magill has a case of Parkinson’s disease before 5 years and after having a fall at home, he was admitted to the hospital and was recognised as having a generalised tremor and d ecrease in mobility. This essay aims to provide the risk factors, clinical manifestation, medical managements, holistic nursing care plan and discharge plan for John Magill. Risk factors for Parkinson’s disease. The researchers usually accord with the most of cases that Parkinson’s disease is the result of the mixture of nature and nurture, as there are a number of potential risk factors which may lead to Parkinson’s disease such as age, gender (more likely in men than in women), head injury, exposure of metal and geneticShow MoreRelatedThe Common Types Of Dementia1013 Words   |  5 Pagesthe brain and is known for loss of memory and mental abilities. It’s a progressive disease which means it gets worse over time. If diagnosed early on, the quality of life for people with dementia as well as their family members can be significantly improved. There are many different types of dementias although some are far more reciprocal than others. One of the most common types of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. Other few types of dementias are â€Å"Vascular dementia, Mixed dementia, Parkinson s diseaseRead MoreDementia And Alzheimer s Dementia995 Words   |  4 PagesDem entia and Alzheimer s Dementia and Alzheimer’s was discovered by Dr. Alois Alzheimer. He discovered both of them, dementia is like Alzheimer’s just not as severe. Dementia has several different types, these include Alzheimer s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia and Front temporal dementia. The first changes you notice with dementia is Cognitive changes. These include memory loss, difficulty communicating or finding words, difficulty with complex tasks, difficulty with planningRead MoreParkinson s Disease : Disease1737 Words   |  7 Pages Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s Disease INTRODUCTION Wong, Gilmour and Ramage-Morin (2014) states that Parkinson’s disease comes second on the list of most common degenerative disorder of the nervous system. Dopamine, a substance synthesized in the body, is responsible for the normal movements of the body (Wong, Gilmour and Ramage-Morin, 2014). In Parkinson’s disease, the cells responsible for synthesizing Dopamine are damaged and incapacitated to form it (Wong, GilmourRead MoreThe Parkinson s Disease Foundation1443 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The Parkinson’s Disease Foundation states that this disease is a chronic and progressive movement disorder. In another words, the disease typically worsens over time. Nearly one million people in the United States live with Parkinson’s disease today (Parkinson’s Disease Foundation: What is Parkinson’s Disease, 2016). The cause of this disease is still being researched and tested, but as of now it is still unknown and has no cure. Since there is no cure, things like medications, treatmentsRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Dementia2089 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract This analysis of degenerative diseases covers four main diseases in today’s world, including: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and Dementia. Alzheimer’s is a degenerative form of dementia that attacks neurons causing the total or partial loss of memory, thinking abilities, language skills, and basic behaviors. Parkinson’s is a progressive disease that targets the central nervous system. Generally the disease will cause tremors, loss of coordination, paralysis, andRead MoreHow Knowledge Of Neurons Has Allowed Illnesses Such As Parkinsons Disease1800 Words   |  8 Pageshuman brain is a detailed network of nerve cells which receive and transmit electrochemical signals around the body. Billions of neurons work together sending information to nerve cells, muscles and gland cells. This essay will go into depth about how knowledge of neurons has allowed illnesses such as Parkinson’s to be more understood. Due to developing knowledge, Parkinson’s has been found to be connected to the death of neurons and low dopamine responses in the brain (Parkinson s disease - NHSRead MoreNot Only Is It Detrimental To The Social Development Of1604 Words   |  7 Pagesthat, â€Å"Many of these lifestyle changes have been shown to lower the risk of other diseases, like heart disease and diabetes, which have been linked to Alzheimer s† (Alzheimer s Association Organization). Even if evidence cannot definitively determine if these lifestyle changes directly relate to a prolonged life, there are correlations that have been developed in a multitude of studies. In terms of Parkinson’s disease, it has been proven time and time again that the slowing of motor function can beRead MoreHealth and Social Care2195 Words   |  9 PagesUnit 13 –Dementia Awareness 1) 1.1. Explain what is meant by the term ‘dementia’ Dementia is a set of symptoms that affect the way people think and interact with each other. It is not a disease, but can often be linked to a disease or damage done to the brain. Short-time memory, mind, speech and motor skills are affected. Certain forms of dementia cause a change in the personality of the individual. A person suffering from dementia will lose certain skills and knowledge they already had. ThisRead MoreNeurodevelopmental And Neurocognitive Disorders1490 Words   |  6 Pagesseverely disabling conditions that are among the most difficult to understand and treat. They make up about 3.2 percent of cases seen In inpatient settings (Sverd et al., 1995). They are considered to be the result of some structural differences in the brain that are usually evident at birth or become apparent as the child begins to develop (Siegel, 1996)† (Butcher, Mineka Hooley, 2013, p. 527). â€Å"Major neurocognitive disorders are those that involve marked deficits in cognitive abilities. These may beRead MoreThe Difference Between Dementia And Alzheimer s Disease1523 Words   |  7 Pagesdifference between Dementia and Alzheimer s disease. Dementia is not a disease, it is a term used to describe Neurological conditions that involves some form of serious mental disorder such as memory loss, confusion, and impaired judgment. Alzheimer s is an actual disease, which is a form of Dementia and the most common type of Dementia; it is accountable for 60% - 80% of all cases of Dementia. Dementia has been around for many years dating back to the 1900 s. Dementia refers to a group of symptoms

The Body Shop International Marketing and Business Analysis

Body Shop 1. Introduction The role of marketing has grown exponentially throughout the past recent years, and this is faithfully reflected in the strategic endeavors and decisions of the economic agents. The historical customers would choose from a limited array of products and would simply purchase whatever the manufacturers offered them. Throughout the past recent decades nevertheless, the economic climate has changed as it became more liberalized and globalized. This translated into higher levels of competition among the manufacturers, and the customers are now presented with a wide palette of products and services, from which they can choose only those that best satisfy their needs and wants. The modern day role of marketing operations is so increased that firms which do not integrate such decisions stand to weaken their competitive position within the market place, and eventually risk business demise. The Body Shop is one of the more notable presences within the global cosmetics industry and a question is now being posed relative to the critical success factors that have driven the companys triumphs through time. More particularly, a question is being raised relative to the means in which the company has employed marketing tools and strategies to attain its business objectives. In order to assess this issue, two separate matters would be approached. On the one hand, the project would seek to identify the marketing orientation of the firm, followed,Show MoreRelatedRussian Duty Free Industry1500 Words   |  6 PagesRussia Moscow, 2011 Table of content 1. 2. Executive summary Russian Duty Free Market overview 2.1. Current market size 2.2. Key drivers for market growth 2.3. SWOT analysis â€Å"BORT† Overview 3.1. At a glance 3.2. Our goals and objective 3.3. Our structure â€Å"BORT† Russia partners (State bodies, National Russian and International organizations) 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. â€Å"BORT† Membership benefits â€Å"BORT† working program for the year 2011-2012 â€Å"BORT† membership fees Executive Summary WHY RUSSIARead MoreSugar Free Chocolate Marketing Plan1293 Words   |  6 PagesBarbier Hugo Bitterol Julien Dupont Guillaume SaukkoSinni MARKETING PLAN 1 S The Company S Date of creation: 1986 S President: Philippe Jambon S Producer and seller of chocolate S French company S Number of shops: 284 shops in France and 34 abroad S Franchisee business 2 Macroenvironmentalanalysis and Market analysis S Macro environmental analysis S The economical and social parts are significant in this business environment. The more people have money to spend, the more theyRead MoreSustainability And Ethical Concerns Of The Body Shop1627 Words   |  7 PagesSustainability and ethical concerns The Body Shop was always considered as sustainable and ethical business. ‘The company s campaigns against human rights abuses, in favour of animal and environmental protection and it commitment to challenge the stereotypes of beauty perpetuated by the cosmetics industry’ (THE BODY SHOP, 1999). The Body Shop sources the best quality raw ingredients around the world, they have ‘twenty-five Community Fair Trade suppliers’ (THE BODY SHOP, 2015) and their purchasing practicesRead MoreThe year 2006, Marketing Plan for The Body Shop International3233 Words   |  13 Pagesyear 2006 Marketing Plan for The Body Shop International consists of: The view of present company situation. Company managed to successfully market itself for 3 decades as well as expand very fast through retail franchising model. Constant product development has shown positive results in sales. Trading relationships with communities in need has enabled company to outsource high quality sustainable and relatively cheap materials. Growth Model. Acquisition of independent The Body Shop franchiseeRead MoreBody Shop in China4288 Words   |  18 PagesThe Body Shop in China: Market Feasibility Research and Strategy Design DU Yuping 1,2, Mai Jinger2 School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University 2 School of International Trade and Economics Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, P. R. China, 510420 1 Abstract: The well-known British brand, the Body Shop, is a strong advocate of environment and human rights. In recent years, it has accelerated its global presence by its naturally inspired, ethically produced beauty and cosmeticsRead MoreThe body shop3475 Words   |  14 PagesDescription of the Company The Body Shop International PLC (The Body Shop,TBS), founded by Anita Roddick in UK and opens her very first shop in Brighton in 1976 . TBS is a multinational company which mainly producing natural inspired ethically skin and body care product solely made by 100% organic and against animal testing. TBS headquartered in London, UK. The company offers its products under various categories such as cosmetics and beauty, bath and body, hair and gifts, products for men toRead MoreManagement Analysis Of The Body Shop3461 Words   |  14 PagesBugis Management analysis of The Body Shop Abstract The study is going to conduct a management analysis for the chosen company, which is a considered as a relevant intervention in order to increase the profitability of the chosen product. The study is going to explain the procedures applied by the chosen company as it shows relevant management process that is related to a procedure for improving productivity. In addition, it seeks to explore the impacts of management analysis applied by theRead MoreMarketing Plan For Online Purchases Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pagesshoppers to build personalized outfits, create three-dimensional models of their body and personalized accounts that would store shipping and billing and information to streamline future online purchases (citation). One of Lands’ End’s current strategies is engage consumers by enhancing the shopping experience through digital channels. Highlights of the initiative include: A cross-platform experience that allows customers to shop www.landsend.com across an assortment of devices, including laptops and tabletsRead MoreBody Shop Analysis3505 Words   |  15 PagesBody Shop- Case Study Analysis Executive Summary The Body Shop is in the business since 1976. At that time, it was just a concept by the Anita Roddick which clicked and made her a millionaire. The concept was supported by the tag of natural resources and it has helped the company is placing the brand positioning at the right place. The purpose of this report is to analyze how the Body Shop started and how the concept of one lady is transformed into a millionaire company. A detailed brand analysisRead MoreThe Body Shop: a Global Industry Analysis1879 Words   |  8 PagesBody Shop International, which is traded in the London Stock Exchange as BOS and more commonly known as The Body Shop, is founded by Anita Perella Roddick. During the 1970s, when Anita and her now-husband Gordon Roddick were visiting San Francisco, they came across this particular store on Berkeley, which was selling different skin care products. This store, which was called The Body Shop and was founded by two locals, was also publicly promoting their fight agai nst certain environmental concerns

Evidence Based Practice Proposal On Eating Disorder...

Evidence-Based Practice Proposal on Eating Disorder Prevention Erica Nichole Thomas University of Missouri Kansas City Eating disorders can be defined as someone who eats, or refrains from eating, in order to satisfy a physiological need as opposed to a physical one. According to the Mirror Mirror Organization (2014), it is a dangerous misconception that the only people suffering from eating disorders are white, middle-class, straight women. However, â€Å"the truth is that eating disorders do not discriminate and affect people of all ages, racial/ethnic backgrounds, abilities, socioeconomic status’, gender identities, and sexual orientations† (Mulheim, Farrar, VanDemark, 2014). Programs aimed to prevent the occurrences of eating disorders are an important part of both primary prevention and healthy childhood development. In the interest of this evidence-based practice proposal project, I will be exploring education regarding eating disorders with an emphasis on school-aged females. This leads to the question: In school-aged females, is there a reduction in the instance of eating disorders in schools where education is provided versus schools who do not educate about eating disorders? The most well-known eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge eating disorder, but new diagnoses are emerging such as orthorexia nervosa. Anorexia is characterized by an overwhelming fear of gaining weight, an obsession with weight in general, and involves aShow MoreRelatedA Dream For A World Without Food Labels Essay2059 Words   |  9 Pageswhich such awareness should be attained. While Bittman proposes that food labels are the answer, this solution is highly flawed in probability. It would be entirely ludicrous to assume that food companies would willingly advertise the truth of their practices directly on their products. Though more likely, it would be nearly as preposterous to think that the FDA would make doing so a requirement. A more effective alternative, therefore, would be the use of journalism to investigate and bring about awarenessRead MoreA Short Note On Migraine s Effect Of Migraine For Evaluating Outcomes Of Preventative Treatments For Migraine Headaches1498 Words   |  6 Pages Migraine Scientific Research Proposal Based on â€Å"Measuring the Impact of Migraine for Evaluating Outcomes of Preventative Treatments for Migraine Headaches.† Authors: Sally Mannix, Anne Skalicky, Dawn Buse, Pooja Desai, Sandhya Sapra, Brain Ortmeier, Katherine Widnell and Asha Hareendran. Publication Date: 2016, Bio Med Central. Pages 1-11. Question to be Investigated Multiple people with migrainesRead MoreHealth Proposal : Childhood Obesity4324 Words   |  18 Pages â€Æ' Health Proposal Childhood Obesity The health promotions can essential be aim at children whom are obese; childhood obesity has become a major health emergency and the incidence of obesity has increased over the years. The purpose of conducting health promotion is to provide information on how to combat childhood obesity and educate the family on the risks of other health issues that are associated with obesity. The problem of obesity has typically originated when the child is in preschoolRead MoreHealth Promotion- Obesity2582 Words   |  11 Pagesreducing the morbidity and mortality rates of obesity related diseases. Using Maryon-Davis’ Obesity Model to systematically review the literature and furthermore evaluate the nurse’s role in promoting the highlighted issue, with any future proposals to improve practice between nurses. The World Health Organisation (WHO) Ottawa Charter defined health promotion as â€Å"the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental and socialRead MoreHealth Advocacy Campaign4102 Words   |  17 Pagestheir adulthood; further, they stand a high chance of developing non communicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease while they are still young (Cheng, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to highlight the gravity of childhood obesity based on statistics and the health effects that the issue has on the children and impacts in the society. Further, the study will develop a health advocacy plan for the problem. Review laws, regulations, and ethical issues that could impact health advocacyRead MoreThe Asian American Population On The Health Disparity Surrounding Mental Health4671 Words   |  19 Pagespossible ways of how this inequality can be addressed and reduced. Finally, a summar y of viewpoints where methods for better study and future research questions on the mental health disparity for Asian Americans will be discussed. Mental health disorders significantly affects individuals of all ethnicities and populations, and has more recently been set as a high priority agenda for public health in the U.S. due to its impact towards overall health and wellness. However, federal mental health policiesRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States Essay2263 Words   |  10 PagesIndex, insulin resistance, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting blood sugar. Obesity, an example of a metabolic disorder, has been the focus of research and medical discussions because of the alarming impacts that it is having on the health of millions of citizens in the United States. According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention growth charts, last year 17% of children in America from age 2-9 were obese and 32% were overweight (Blumberg, 559). As a result, obesityRead MoreHistory of Mental Health by Mind8472 Words   |  34 PagesLunacy Act 1891 imposed rigid procedures and criteria so that only people with the most severe mental illnesses were likely to be admitted to hospitals. 1909 A report of the Poor Law Commission was published, based around two central principles: in terms of health care, that prevention is cheaper and more effective than cure in terms of social care, that charitable activity has its proper place in supporting a public service. The report also suggested that the Poor Law should be replacedRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Act Of 19943515 Words   |  15 Pagesprograms and policies in police departments, as well as mandatory arrest programs and policies for safeguard order violations. This act has had a deep consequence on state laws governing domestic abuse (Yut-Lin Othman , 2008). The Family Violence Prevention and Services Act (FVPSA) it’s the second main law that The U.S. Congress has approved associated to violence against women, deliver the central federal subsidy to help victims of domestic violence and their children. Programs sponsored through FVPSARead MoreRisk on Studen Prostitute in Zamboanga City4811 Words   |  20 PagesRISKS ON STUDENT PROSTITUTION IN ZAMBOANGA CITY A research proposal Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Psychology College of Social Sciences Western Mindanao State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements in PSYCH 114 (Research in Psychology 1) Dujali, Phil Dominic D. Colico, Jean Paul Agno, Samson CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Many students nowadays Hard-up students are turning to the sex industry to pay for their course fees, according

Road Traffic Incidents Are Becoming A Regular Issue Nowadays

INTRODUCTION Road traffic incidents are becoming a regular issue nowadays. In spite of many remedial actions taken by a government to solve these issues, there are ever increasing. The road accidents becoming another big c health concern at the public level. The accidents have risen up to around 50 million injuries and 1.2 million of deaths around the world. Talking about Dubai specifically it is a lucrative country for businesses and offers a luxury lifestyle for all, these attractions have made it a very high traffic area. All the steps taken to control the issue are the constraint and are offered limited success. The researches made on the matter under discussion are usually undisclosed and thus remain unsolved. Hence, Dubai encounters a very high level of traffic issues and accidents. Research on road safety has been conducted for several years, yet many issues still remain undisclosed and unsolved. There are many stakeholders that are concerned with this issue as their lives are directly or indirectly affected by such issues, that cause troubles in daily life and may also lead to death in a case of accidents. STAKEHOLDERS There are many stakeholders in this issue. Some are directly affected by the issues that are regarded as the Primary Stakeholders and some are not directly related which are regarded as the Secondary Stakeholders. The primary Stakeholders are constituted the desired beneficiaries of the project, for instance, the imposing agencies. The secondaryShow MoreRelatedImproved Airport Fighter Rescue Team Can Mitigate the Impact of Post-crash-fire1573 Words   |  6 Pagesfaster communications with police department, fire department and other convenient rescuers like Red Cross, neighbors’ around airport is important to respond during aircraft accident. An airport expert also should synchronize with airport and air traffic control (ATC) personnel to control a sever condition at or around airports. A Rescue and Firefighting Research analysis has shown that, external aircraft fire is controllable but, internal fire is difficult to control and firefighters need specializedRead MoreMaster plan for the development of Vietname s motorcycle industry in the period of 2006-2015 with a vision to 202026479 Words   |  106 Pagesdevelopment trend 5 I.1. Global motorcycle market 5 I.2. Development trend of global motorcycle market 8 II. Role of motorcycles in Vietnamese society II.1. Role of motorcycles in Vietnamese eco-social development II.2. Motorcycles and related social issues III. Supporting industries and industrial human resources for motorcycle industry in Vietnam 9 9 16 29 III.1. Supporting industries for motorcycle industry 29 III.2. Industrial human resources for motorcycle industry 33 Part 2. Current situationRead MorePublic Relations in Travel and Tourism: Qantas Airways Case Study5155 Words   |  21 Pagestravelers: The overall ratio of business travelers to and from Australia using the Qantas Airways is the higher ratio when compared to leisure travelers. Leisure Travelers: Australia is a great tourist spot and there is always seasonal traffic of incoming tourist traffic in the region which also brings in season finances in to the region. The Great Barrier Reef and the natural animal life in interior Australia are two of the most attractive aspects for the tourism industry. Jetstar is one of the mostRead MorePortfolio for Organizational Behavior17518 Words   |  71 Pagesattainable numbers, which I think is really important,† she says. Ms. Brown says it’s important not only to set goals but to revisit them periodically through a performance appraisal system. â€Å"A lot of small businesses do not have that,† she says. Having regular check-ins ensures that there will be no surprises if an employee does not meet objectives, adds Mr. Hesse. â€Å"If you’re seeing how an employee is doing against the objectives, then you can support them as necessary,† he says. â€Å"The employee should knowRead MoreInfrastructure for Knowledge Management42738 Words   |  171 PagesManagement..............................................................................................................72 2. Opportunity Management..................................................................................................74 3. Issue Management .............................................................................................................74 4. Change Management .......................................................................................................Read MoreConsumer Lifestyle in Singapore35714 Words   |  143 Pages........................................................ ............ 63 Air Travel ................................................................................................................................ 63 Chart 26 Kilometres Travelled by Road and Air Compared with Motorway Intensity, Petrol Prices and Number of Scheduled Airline Passengers Carried 2006-2011 ..................................................................................... 64 Regional Ranking of Possession of PassengerRead MoreOperational Risk Management50825 Words   |  204 Pagesabove all, the further development and integration of risk management methods. The present guidelines on â€Å"Operational Risk Management† are to support banks in designing and adapting the systems and processes required when they implement Basel II. The issues presented are in line with international developments in banking that focus on a comprehensive approach to, and the optimum handling of, operational risks so that their implementation would make sense even in the ab sence of new capital requirementsRead MoreCase Studies: Sas Airline Ryanair80169 Words   |  321 Pageseconomic deregulation in Europe14 during the late 80s, the experience of the deregulatory reforms in US that proved the efficiency of liberalized market15 16. Despite of the fact that the Treaty of Rome steered the economy into a more competitive road, air transportation competitive distortions from strict regulation only started to fade in 198717. Contrary to US market which from night to day went from a regulated to a deregulated market, in EU this transition went through a soft process duringRead MoreIb Business Management 2013 Ia Guildline Booklet16033 Words   |  65 PagesBusiness Management Internal Assessment – Standard Level Issue Choose an issue or problem for investigation Determine title in the form of a question Teacher to approve question before significant work commences by student Prepare research proposal and action plan (details of these documents page 49 of guide) Note – this is required in the HL assessment only but is a useful approach to give structure to the SL project Checklist of issues (adapted from p48 IB 2009 Guide) Date Completed DetermineRead MoreArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 PagesIOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSRJBM) ISSN: 2278-487X Volume 3, Issue 5 (Sep,-Oct. 2012), PP 01-06 www.iosrjournals.org From Performance Appraisal to Performance Management 1 Ms. Leena Toppo, 2Dr. (Mrs.) Twinkle Prusty 1,2 (Faculty of Commerce, Banaras Hindu University, INDIA) ABSTRACT: Performance appraisal and performance management were one of the emerging issues since last decade. Many organizations have shifted from employee’s performance appraisal system to employee’s

Portfolio - Bond and Share Valuation

Question: Explore the portfolio, bond and share valuation. Answer: Executive summary In this given assignment, three questions are there which will give an in-depth knowledge of portfolio, bond and share valuation. This analysis will help the investors to invest in the financial market maximizing their return while minimizing risk. In portfolio valuation, covariance means measure of joint deviation of share JAY and KAY around their respective mean (expected return). To create a portfolio of JAY and KAY giving 15.6% return weights of JAY and KAY must be 70% and 30% respectively. In Bond valuation, market price of three different types of bond is determined, based on which it is classified whether the bond is trading at par, premium or discount by comparing with face value. Market price of bond B also helps in determining the number of bonds required to raise a fund of $465260. In share valuation, three types of Dividend Discount Model (DDM) for no growth, constant growth and two period growths is analyzed. Also the difference between just paid and plans to pay a dividend can be understood properly. Conclusion It can be concluded that, portfolio valuation gives us a clear picture of how two stocks can be combined in different weights to give high return with less risk as compared to investment in individual stock. In case of bond valuation, determination of bond price will help to identify which bond is trading cheap so that it can be bought and which one is trading rich so that it can be sold in the market immediately. In case of share valuation, determination of its market price will help the investors in deciding which share to hold and which one to sell with the help of DDM. Recommendation In case of portfolio valuation, different weights of share JAK and KAY must be used to build a portfolio having maximum expected return with minimum risk as correlation coefficient (r) of these two stock is negative i.e.-0.3 which means there is immense benefit of diversification, in fact to the extent that a risk free portfolio can be constructed. In case of bond valuation since Bond A and B are trading at a discount so, it is advised to buy those bonds whereas Bond C is trading at a premium so it is advised to sell that bond. It is advised to buy share of NoChange Ltd as it is trading at a very lower price as compared to other shares.

The Contemporary Health Service Delivery In New Zealand

Question: Analysing the strengths and weaknesses of clinical governance in contemporary health service delivery in New Zealand. Answer: Introduction In contemporary situation, the agenda and meaning of Health care system is referred to be collaborative functionality of professionals, resources, institutions and medical systems to deliver quality healthcare services and products. This healthcare delivery is highly dependent on the quality of performance management because healthcare services are superlative deliveries in form of patient outcomes. Hence, quality improvement and maintenance has been major focus of health service delivery system since ancient times (Levett-Jones Bourgeois, 2010). In 1990s, a new term named clinical governance emerged as a revolution to improve quality and performance management in health service delivery system. This clinical governance is now a very important part of contemporary healthcare system (McSherry Pearce, 2011). This study focuses on understanding the contemporary health service delivery system of New Zealand analysing the strengths and weaknesses of clinical governance in this contemporary system determining its power. The learner, working as healthcare practitioner in New Zealand reflect on the experiences gained as a professional in contemporary health service delivery system in New Zealand. Demonstrating Knowledge and Understanding of Contemporary Health Service Delivery in New Zealand New Zealand being an island country having population of 4,441,300, involves 68% immigrants from Europe, Asia and other regions of globe. With more than 85% of population living in urban regions the scope of development, urbanisation and advancement has always been high in New Zealand. This requirement of advancement is also developed in the health sector of the country where Ministry of Health (MoH) works to meet the challenges of contemporary healthcare system (Health Service Delivery profile: New Zealand, 2012, 2016). The public of New Zealand persist good health outcomes and increased life expectancy because patients are placed in the centre position of service delivery system in this country. Fineberg (2012) indicated that clinical integration being basic concept of functionality in New Zealand healthcare system. This clinical integration means that regular development and improvement in competencies are required to meet the complex needs of patients allowing good health. According to Best et al. (2012) the four basic objectives of health service delivery system described by MoH involves health workforce empowerment, getting health service delivered at home or closer to home, improving funding and improving old-age health. The provider network of New Zealand health system persist District health boards (DHBs) at the top most position. These DHBs work to plan, manage, provide and purchase healthcare services for their region population and service delivery for healthcare organisations working in their zone. Further, followed by DHBs there are various other public and private organizations like PHARMAC, PHOs, Health regulatory authorities, colleges and private organisations that work for health system in New Zealand (Health Service Delivery profile: New Zealand, 2012, 2016). Gauld (2013) studied the categories of health delivery system in New Zealand that involves primary care and community services (primary healthcare organisation and NGOs), secondary and tertiary services (public and private hospitals) and long-term care services (residential, home support and rehabilitation). Fineberg (2012) studied the Service delivery model of New Zealand healthcare functionality where a large, dynamic and complex number of organisations, networks and people work together to provide healthcare, currently involving 96% of the New Zealanders in care process. There are national, private, regional and local funding system that establishes effective health delivery system. There are both public and private involvement in New Zealand health care delivery model to provide maximum possible health services and care. Analysing the funding of New Zealand health delivery system, Griffiths et al. (2012) indicated that the total health expenditure in New Zealand is higher than other countries like Canada, United Kingdom, and European regions. The funding system is mixture of public and private funds where major option in compensated by public funding sources. In financial year 2010/2011 this funding involves 83.2% public funds (central and local government), 4.9% private funds (insurance companies) and 10.4% other payment sources. The MoH allows three quarter of funds to district board members, who use this fund for planning, managing and purchasing the healthcare services. Some of the healthcare services are even free-of-charge in New Zealand involving palliative care, public hospital care, some community care and health promotion services (Health Service Delivery profile: New Zealand, 2012, 2016). Further, Gauld (2013) studies the human resource competencies of New Zealand healthcare system, where 56% of medical professionals are specialist having highest possible qualifications. Further, 77% of medical registrations belong to international graduates providing highly skilled and versatile medical workforce in New Zealand. Ryan et al. (2010) opined that quality standards in health delivery system are under the control of National Health Quality and Safety Commission (HQSC) that works as per indicators and factors related to quality assurance in health service delivery system. In contrast, Entwistle et al. (2012) highlighted the contemporary issues in this health delivery system of New Zealand. The workforce shortage and limitation is one such major issue that has lead to shortage of tertiary services been delivered to people. There are sufficient workforce availability for primary and secondary care delivery, but tertiary service system confront workforce shortage in New Zealand. Further, healthcare system is highly fragmented and variable not able to compensate the high healthcare needs of population. Gauld (2013) studied some of the basic issues in the health delivery system of New Zealand that involves coordination gap between clinicians, high patient access barriers and cost related issues that have restricted the overall successful functionality of New Zealand health delivery system. As per learners viewpoint, based on this literature study, these issues in contemporary health delivery system requires better governance and management system to overco me the workforce, cost effectiveness and various other issues for proper healthcare delivery. In the below provided section, working as a medical practitioner, learner discusses the contemporary clinical governance and management in New Zealand health care system for determining its functionality. Figure 1: The structure of New Zealand health sector (Source: Health Service Delivery profile: New Zealand, 2012, 2016) Demonstrating Knowledge and Understanding on the Concepts of Governance, Management and Clinical Governance in New Zealand Health Care System and Reflecting on Personal Practice E#xperience as a Healthcare Professional in New Zealands Health Care System To overrule the contemporary issues in the medical care delivery system there are various concepts, strategies and processes in clinical governance and management in New Zealand working together for the betterment of care system. Clinical governance is considered as future of contemporary healthcare system success and heights (Gauld Horsburgh, 2012). According to Brown et al. (2011), traditional practices in the health care delivery system of New Zealand were dependent on the decision and activities of long-term elected governing board that has lead to the lack of effectiveness in working with the health sector. A new concept of clinical governance successfully implemented by NHS of United Kingdom is now attaining popularity in the contemporary health sector of New Zealand and various other countries. But, as this clinical governance is an innovative concept there are certain strength and weaknesses in the clinical governance system of New Zealand. Bennington (2010) indicated that clinical governance is a simple concept where healthcare professionals are involved in decision-making processes related to clinical planning, managing and funding in their organisation. This clinical governance helps to establish professional standards and quality service in the health sector. As per clinical governance principle, health care professional should make two contributions in service delivery system, first to provide high-quality care and second to improve quality care by monitoring, evaluating and decision-making process. Now, this clinical governance at organisation level depends on various factors like management strategies, leadership, professional competency and interpersonal functionality. According to Rosen (2010) in the 20 districts of New Zealand for implementing effective clinical governance, in 2009 the government gave specific instructions to the organisation managers for establishing leadership structures that involve clinical professionals in the entire health delivery process. However, as per learners experience as healthcare professional, this structure of clinical governance critically depends on the managers and clinicians relationships, strategies and performance management to work in a collaborative manner. As per personal experience organisation system working as per managers are always underdeveloped, lacking fundamental concepts and professional overawed with duties. The managers provide less possible options for professional to get involved in organisation decision-making process. As a healthcare professional, learner performed two studies of implementing clinical governance in New Zealand. As per the first study which as a survey performed in Gauld, Horsburgh Brown (2011) research, indicates that from 2010 to 2012 health professionals established a good score of improvement as per Clinical governance development index in New Zealand. In contrast, as per the second study provided by Gauld (2012) involves a case study for determining the mechanics of clinical governance in New Zealand. As per findings of this organisation based case study, clinical governance requires better manager-clinical alliance, effectual development technique, professional training and organisational arrangements to implement clinical governance in New Zealand health delivery system. Further, Gauld Horsburgh (2014) indicated minor defects in clinical governance concept of New Zealand healthcare that there is the lack of clinical boards, which should work to bring managerial and clinical professionals to work together as leaders. The clinical governance and service delivery arrangements are very complex and lacking effective governance structures in New Zealand health delivery system. In contrast, Gauld (2014) indicated that DHB has now implemented Clinical Board that maintains clinical safety, quality enhancement, emergency management and consumer satisfaction in the clinical scenario. As per DHB of New Zealand, clinical governance can be defined as measures and processes to ensure quality care making stakeholders responsible for planning, managing and monitoring functioning standards. Further, there are primary and secondary governance structures or clinical boards established by DHB members to ensure effective clinical leadership governance in primary and seco ndary healthcare settings. However, as per learners experience, still, there is the requirement of more refined clinical leadership strategies to implement effective governance in New Zealand clinical environment. The reasons behind this viewpoint are lacking opportunities for health professionals to get involved in clinical governance processes, lacking robust clinical governance across board members and no effective clinical governance implementation and leadership strategies (Clinical governance: A guide for primary health organisations, 2016). Brennan Flynn (2013) in their study mentioned about most effective initiatives that strengthen the overall clinical governance system in New Zealand. Firstly, the establishment of the Executive leadership team of 24 members including general physicians, directorates, PHOs and leaders helped in successful initiation of clinical governance in New Zealand. Further, the clinical leadership council panel established by DHB members involved NGOs helping in the establishment of clinical governance at local level. There were partnership models tested and implemented to introduce effective leadership in clinical governance practices at organisation level. Lastly, the establishment of Clinical practice committee demanded by clinical members helped to review the clinical innovations, strategies and technologies at the organisation level. These are some of the most powerful features of clinical governance in New Zealand that lead to a proper establishment in the clinical scenario. Further, Brown et al. (2011) studied the In good hands report representing clinical governance transformation in New Zealand. As per this report, the clinical governance structure in New Zealand health system is considered as one of the most important strengths of this process. This structure involves DHB members, Chief executives, DHB governance, and Clinical governance as a complete clinical governance structure. The DHB board report effectiveness and outcomes of clinical program at the national framework, Chief executives establishes effective leadership and cooperate management. Further, DHB governance ensures clinical governance functionality at the organisation level and lastly, clinical governance involves management team (managers and clinicians) that ensures quality outcomes in the clinical scenario. As a professional, learner experienced that, clinical leadership in New Zealand governance system should involve a whole spectrum approach where moving from inherent to peer-elect, clinical appointments, management appointments and the clinical board should perform align management in clinical performance. Further, DHBs team should process method to capture professional clinical leaders allowing them training to develop skills for establishing clinical governance competencies as leaders. Further, as a professional learner confronted that clinical governance leader in New Zealand lacks the idea of proper qualities required as a professional leader. For fulfilling this weakness of clinical governance system, DHB board should provide training as per NHS leadership Qualities Framework that makes a leader a communicator, manager, scholar, professional, collaborator and medical expert (Gauld Horsburgh, 2012). Figure 2: NHS leadership qualities framework (Source: Gauld Horsburgh, 2012) Conclusion The overall health service delivery system in New Zealand is very effective where more than 96% of the population are able to get involved in the care process. The funding and human resources are considered to be two most powerful potentials of this system in New Zealand. However, workforce shortage, availability and coordination gap are some issues hindering the effective care delivery process. These issues are also affecting the clinical governance in the health care delivery system of New Zealand. This country has a complex clinical governance arrangement that requires more simplification for better performance. Further, lack of competent professional leaders, effective clinical leadership, opportunities for professionals and lacking robust clinical governance are hindering the pathway of successful implementation of clinical governance in New Zealand. As a professional, learner predicts that there are some minor defects in the clinical governance system of New Zealand to establish a perfect health delivery system in the country. By processing the suggested recommendations, these weaknesses can be overruled providing an effective clinical system in New Zealand. References Books Gauld, R., Horsburgh, S. (2012).Clinical governance assessment project: final report on a national health professional survey and site visits to 19 New Zealand DHBs. University of Otago. Levett-Jones, T., Bourgeois, S. (2010).The clinical placement: An essential guide for nursing students. Elsevier Health Sciences. McSherry, R., Pearce, P. (2011).Clinical governance: a guide to implementation for healthcare professionals. John Wiley Sons. Journals Bennington, L. (2010). Review of the corporate and healthcare governance literature.Journal of Management Organization,16(02), 314-333. Best, A., Greenhalgh, T., Lewis, S., Saul, J. E., Carroll, S., Bitz, J. (2012). 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